What is the time and space complexity of Prototype Chain?

Time complexity: O(1). Space complexity: O(1).

Prototype Chain

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Solution Guide: Prototype Chain

Approach

Set up prototypal inheritance by creating a Dog constructor that calls Animal via Animal.call(this, name), then links prototypes with Object.create(Animal.prototype). This establishes the prototype chain so Dog instances inherit Animal methods while adding their own.

Complexity Analysis

Time: O(1)
Space: O(1)

Pattern

Prototype Chain

Why It Works

JavaScript property lookup walks the prototype chain. When dog.speak() is called, the engine checks dog, then Dog.prototype, then Animal.prototype, finding the method there.

Updated Feb 2026