What is the time and space complexity of Closure Counter?

Time complexity: O(1). Space complexity: O(1).

Closure Counter

Easy

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Solution Guide: Closure Counter

Approach

Create a factory function that returns an object with increment, decrement, and getValue methods. Each returned method closes over a shared count variable, demonstrating how closures preserve access to their enclosing scope even after the outer function returns.

Complexity Analysis

Time: O(1)
Space: O(1)

Pattern

Closure Pattern

Why It Works

Inner functions retain a reference to outer variables even after the outer function returns. Each call to createCounter creates a new scope with its own independent count variable.

Updated Feb 2026