What is the time and space complexity of Implement Pipe?

Time complexity: O(n) where n is the number of functions. Space complexity: O(1).

Implement Pipe

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Solution Guide: Implement Pipe

Approach

Accept an array of functions and return a new function that applies them left-to-right using reduce. The initial value is the input argument, and each function's return value feeds into the next function in the pipeline.

Complexity Analysis

Time: O(n) where n is the number of functions
Space: O(1)

Pattern

Pipeline Pattern

Why It Works

reduce naturally expresses left-to-right evaluation, making data transformation pipelines read in the order they execute, which is more intuitive than nested function calls.

Updated Feb 2026